A differential database backup only includes changes made since the last full backup. A backup of a user database includes database users, and database roles. A backup of the master database includes logins. The name of the database on which to create a backup. The database can be the master database or a user database. Specifies to perform a differential backup of a user database. If omitted, the default is a full database backup.
The name of the differential backup does not need to match the name of the full backup. For keeping track of the differential and its corresponding full backup, consider using the same name with 'full' or 'diff' appended. The master database can only be backed up by sa , the fabric administrator, or members of the sysadmin fixed server role.
Requires a Windows account that has permission to access, create, and write to the backup directory. A differential backup usually takes less time than a full backup and can be performed more frequently.
When multiple differential backups are based on the same full backup, each differential includes all of the changes in the previous differential backup. Full backups and differential backups are stored in separate directories. Naming conventions are not enforced for specifying that a full backup and differential backup belong together.
You can track this through your own naming conventions. You cannot perform a differential backup of the master database. Only full backups of the master database are supported. For that functionality, you can use the remote table copy feature. SQL Server backup options are preconfigured to use backup compression. You cannot set backup options such as compression, checksum, block size, and buffer count. Only one database backup or restore can run on the appliance at any given time.
Analytics Platform System PDW will queue backup or restore commands until the current backup or restore command has completed. The target appliance for restoring the backup must have at least as many Compute nodes as the source appliance. The target can have more Compute nodes than the source appliance, but cannot have fewer Compute nodes.
Analytics Platform System PDW does not track the location and names of backups since the backups are stored off the appliance. A differential backup is only allowed if the last full backup completed successfully. For example, suppose that on Monday you create a full backup of the Sales database and the backup finishes successfully. Then on Tuesday you create a full backup of the Sales database and it fails. After this failure, you cannot then create a differential backup based on Monday's full backup.
You must first create a successful full backup before creating a differential backup. These dynamic management views contain information about all backup, restore, and load operations. The information persists across system restarts. To perform a backup, Analytics Platform System PDW first backs up the metadata, and then it performs a parallel backup of the database data stored on the Compute nodes.
Data is copied directly from each Compute node to the backup directory. To achieve the best performance for moving data from the Compute nodes to the backup directory, Analytics Platform System PDW controls the number of Compute nodes that are copying data concurrently.
Therefore, your IT team is responsible for managing all aspects of the backup security. For example, this includes managing the security of the backup data, the security of the server used to store backups, and the security of the networking infrastructure that connects the backup server to the Analytics Platform System PDW appliance. Network access to the backup directory is based on standard operating system file sharing security. Before performing a backup, you need to create or designate a Windows account that will be used for authenticating Analytics Platform System PDW to the backup directory.
This Windows account must have permission to access, create, and write to the backup directory. To reduce security risks with your data, we advise that you designate one Windows account solely for the purpose of performing backup and restore operations. Allow this account to have permissions to the backup location and nowhere else. The following example shows how to add the credentials for a user. Analytics Platform System PDW will store these credentials and use them to for backup and restore operations.
For security reasons, we recommend creating one domain account solely for the purpose of performing backups. The following example creates a full backup of the Invoices user database. The following example creates a differential backup, which includes all changes made since the last full backup of the Invoices database.
The description 'Invoices differential backup' will be stored with the header information for the backup. The differential backup will only run successfully if the last full backup of Invoices completed successfully. The master database stores the appliance login information. To backup the appliance login information you need to backup the master database.
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Note Only a full database backup can be performed on the master database. Note The mirror database in a database mirroring partnership cannot be backed up. Note Consider using file backups when the database size and performance requirements make a database backup impractical. Note The NUL disk device will discard all information sent to it and should only be used for testing.
Note The NUL device will discard all input sent to this file, however the backup will still mark all pages as backed up. Note This option typically affects performance only when writing to tape devices. Note If you do not want to take log backups, use the simple recovery model. Note Before you can create the first log backup, you must create a full backup.
Important This example is designed to allow you to test it on your local system. Note If the tape media is empty or the disk backup file does not exist, all these interactions write a media header and proceed. Note The backup how-to topics contain additional examples.
Note For a production database, back up the log regularly. Limitations and Restrictions You cannot perform a differential backup of the master database. Metadata These dynamic management views contain information about all backup, restore, and load operations.
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Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Microsoft Windows , Linux. NET Framework 4. Proprietary software [2]. Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Windows 8, Windows 8. However, the table may have non-clustered indices to allow fast retrieval of rows. In some situations the heap structure has performance advantages over the clustered structure. Both heaps and B-trees can span multiple allocation units.
Any 8 KB page can be buffered in-memory, and the set of all pages currently buffered is called the buffer cache. The amount of memory available to SQL Server decides how many pages will be cached in memory. The buffer cache is managed by the Buffer Manager. Either reading from or writing to any page copies it to the buffer cache. Subsequent reads or writes are redirected to the in-memory copy, rather than the on-disc version.
The page is updated on the disc by the Buffer Manager only if the in-memory cache has not been referenced for some time. Each page is written along with its checksum when it is written. When reading the page back, its checksum is computed again and matched with the stored version to ensure the page has not been damaged or tampered with in the meantime. SQL Server allows multiple clients to use the same database concurrently.
As such, it needs to control concurrent access to shared data, to ensure data integrity—when multiple clients update the same data, or clients attempt to read data that is in the process of being changed by another client. SQL Server provides two modes of concurrency control: pessimistic concurrency and optimistic concurrency. When pessimistic concurrency control is being used, SQL Server controls concurrent access by using locks.
Locks can be either shared or exclusive. Exclusive lock grants the user exclusive access to the data—no other user can access the data as long as the lock is held. Shared locks are used when some data is being read—multiple users can read from data locked with a shared lock, but not acquire an exclusive lock.
The latter would have to wait for all shared locks to be released. Locks can be applied on different levels of granularity—on entire tables, pages, or even on a per-row basis on tables. For indexes, it can either be on the entire index or on index leaves. The level of granularity to be used is defined on a per-database basis by the database administrator. While a fine-grained locking system allows more users to use the table or index simultaneously, it requires more resources, so it does not automatically yield higher performance.
SQL Server also includes two more lightweight mutual exclusion solutions—latches and spinlocks—which are less robust than locks but are less resource intensive. SQL Server also monitors all worker threads that acquire locks to ensure that they do not end up in deadlocks —in case they do, SQL Server takes remedial measures, which in many cases are to kill one of the threads entangled in a deadlock and roll back the transaction it started.
The Lock Manager maintains an in-memory table that manages the database objects and locks, if any, on them along with other metadata about the lock. Access to any shared object is mediated by the lock manager, which either grants access to the resource or blocks it. SQL Server also provides the optimistic concurrency control mechanism, which is similar to the multiversion concurrency control used in other databases.
The mechanism allows a new version of a row to be created whenever the row is updated, as opposed to overwriting the row, i. Both the old as well as the new versions of the row are stored and maintained, though the old versions are moved out of the database into a system database identified as Tempdb. When a row is in the process of being updated, any other requests are not blocked unlike locking but are executed on the older version of the row.
If the other request is an update statement, it will result in two different versions of the rows—both of them will be stored by the database, identified by their respective transaction IDs. The main mode of retrieving data from a SQL Server database is querying for it. The query declaratively specifies what is to be retrieved. It is processed by the query processor, which figures out the sequence of steps that will be necessary to retrieve the requested data.
The sequence of actions necessary to execute a query is called a query plan. There might be multiple ways to process the same query. For example, for a query that contains a join statement and a select statement, executing join on both the tables and then executing select on the results would give the same result as selecting from each table and then executing the join, but result in different execution plans.
In such case, SQL Server chooses the plan that is expected to yield the results in the shortest possible time. This is called query optimization and is performed by the query processor itself. SQL Server includes a cost-based query optimizer which tries to optimize on the cost, in terms of the resources it will take to execute the query.
Given a query, then the query optimizer looks at the database schema , the database statistics and the system load at that time.
It then decides which sequence to access the tables referred in the query, which sequence to execute the operations and what access method to be used to access the tables. For example, if the table has an associated index, whether the index should be used or not: if the index is on a column which is not unique for most of the columns low "selectivity" , it might not be worthwhile to use the index to access the data.
Finally, it decides whether to execute the query concurrently or not. While a concurrent execution is more costly in terms of total processor time, because the execution is actually split to different processors might mean it will execute faster. Once a query plan is generated for a query, it is temporarily cached. For further invocations of the same query, the cached plan is used. Unused plans are discarded after some time. SQL Server also allows stored procedures to be defined.
Stored procedures are parameterized T-SQL queries, that are stored in the server itself and not issued by the client application as is the case with general queries. Stored procedures can accept values sent by the client as input parameters, and send back results as output parameters.
They can call defined functions, and other stored procedures, including the same stored procedure up to a set number of times. They can be selectively provided access to. Unlike other queries, stored procedures have an associated name, which is used at runtime to resolve into the actual queries.
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Microsoft sql server 2014 standard 4 core free
Jul 29, · Cumulative update name. Build version. Knowledge Base number. Release day. SQL Server SP2 CU KB July 29, . Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by replace.me a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a . Microsoft SQL Server Express is a version of Microsoft's SQL Server relational database management system that is free to download, SQL Server , SQL Server , SQL Server , and R2 Express (4 GB for SQL Server Express and Features available in SQL Server "Standard" and better editions but absent from SQL Server.
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